Getting to Know Your Students

Jennie Carr, an Associate Professor at Bridgewater College, explains that researchers have found “strong positive correlations between [faculty] building relationships and rapport with students and academic achievement, attendance, student interest, motivation, empowerment, self-efficacy student attention, classroom behaviors and interactions (Benson, Cohen, Buskist, 2005, Houser & Frymier, 2009, Kozanitis, Desbiens, Chouinard, 2007; Myers, Goldman, Atkinson, Ball, Carton, Tindage & Anderson, 2016)”. Some ways you can develop connections with students in the first few weeks of class are listed below. Some techniques work better for smaller (n<60) classrooms while others work well with all class sizes. As the Eberly Center at Carnegie Mellon notes: “Even in large lecture classes, it is possible to get to know a conspicuous number of your students, a few at a time. For students, it’s the effort that counts”. Some of these tips I have shared before, however, I have added some new insights and additional information that may be helpful (hopefully).

Learning Student Names:

Name Coach: https://cloud.name-coach.com/ – Assign students the task of recording their name and writing the phonetic pronunciation of their name. Name Coach slows down the recording to help you hear how they pronounce their names. This will help you to listen to their names and learn how to pronounce their names correctly. Use Name Tents – If seating allows space for students to have name tents, ask students to write their names in large letters on both sides of a folded 5 x 8 index card and to keep this card on their desks/tables for the first few classes. The Canvas Roster: https://academiccontinuity.yale.edu/faculty/how-guides/canvas/canvas-class-roster is available in the People menu of the Canvas course to all Canvas roles except Observer, displays the name, email address, role, photo, and NameCoach recording (if available) for each member of the course. Using the Photo Roster tool, you can change the page or print layout; search and filter the list of course members; group by role, section, or group; and print or export the current view. Official IU photos and associated features are only available to instructors in SIS courses. The roster has a feature that allows you to print out an attendance sheet. You can use that sheet to make annotations that will help you remember your students’ names. The Eberly Center suggests taking a few extra seconds for each student to identify their most 1-2 noticeable traits. Be sure to include ways of pronouncing names that are unfamiliar to you.

Introduce Yourself

Consider sharing information with students beyond your name and the name of the course you’re teaching. Vanderbilt University suggests one of the following:

  • Personal biography: your place of birth, family history, educational history, hobbies, sport and recreational interests, how long you have been at the university, and what your plans are for the future.

  • Educational biography: how you came to specialize in your chosen field, a description of your specific area of expertise, your current projects, and your future plans.

  • Teaching biography: how long have you taught, how many subjects/classes have you taught, what level of class you normally teach, what you enjoy about being in the classroom, what do you learn from your students, and what you expect to teach in the future.

Have a seating plan

When students arrive in your class, let them sit where they want, and then ask them to remain in those seats for at least two weeks. Create a seating chart for the room and have students fill in their names on the seating chart. Refer to the chart as you conduct the course. This reference will allow you to learn names according to placement in the classroom. (University of Lethbridge)

Icebreakers: The Center for Teaching and Learning at IU-Indy https://ctl.iupui.edu/Resources/Preparing-to-Teach/Using-Ice-Breakers reminds us to use icebreakers as a way of getting acquainted with students and establish classroom community on the first day of class. However, you can use small icebreakers beyond the first few weeks of class to help build rapport. Top Hat https://app.teaching.iu.edu/tools/top-hat provides a list of icebreakers that can be used in various contexts, including course- or assignment-specific icebreakers https://tophat.com/blog/classroom-icebreakers/

Having One on One or Small Group Meetings/Office Hours – Carr (2020) recommends setting up 1:1 or small group appointments to meet with students during the first few weeks of class. “Meaningful interactions with students outside of classes is listed by the National Survey of Student Engagement as a high-impact educational practice (NSSE, 2017). Approximately 95% of my students attend. During the 1:1 meet and greet meeting, my primary goal is to get to know the students on a personal level. I explain to them very simply, “I care about you first and foremost as a person – I want you to be successful in this class.” The meeting encourages students to not only find my office but also helps reduce anxious feelings about meeting with faculty when they have a more serious concern”The Canvas Scheduler Tool https://community.canvaslms.com/t5/Instructor-Guide/How-do-I-add-a-Scheduler-appointment-group-in-a-course-calendar/ta-p/1021 allows you to create a block of time where a student or groups of students can meet with you. Students can sign up for appointment times in their own calendars. Have students say their name when asking for a response to a question during your lecture or discussion, or when they ask a question. Explain to them that this helps not only you, but their classmates learn their names.

In addition to office hours – When possible, arrive to class a little early and stay a little later to chat with students. This will also allow students who may not feel comfortable raising questions during class to approach you in a low-pressure way.

Asking students to complete confidential student profiles – Another way to get to know your students is to have them complete a student profile (you can use Google Tools, Microsoft 360, or Qualtrics to create a profile: https://forms.gle/P2upb3JKzhSnzBRE8). Profiles are a form with questions that allow you to better understand who your students are, what they know about the class/discipline, as well as the types of expectations they have for the course.  It also allows you to understand what types of boundaries they have in terms of work and family that may impact how they perform in your course.

Best Practices for Using Rubrics

Weimer (2016) reminds us of the advantages of using rubrics for students: Rubrics clarify assignment details for students. They provide an operational answer to the frequently asked student question, “What do you want in this assignment?” They make grading more transparent and can be used to help students develop those all-important self-assessment skills. For teachers, rubrics expedite grading and can make it a more objective process.

She also points out the advantages rubrics offer instructors: The power to clarify thinking about the knowledge and skills an instructor wants to assess. Faculty can do a great deal of assessment, across multiple courses, semester after semester. It’s easy for the response to student work to become habitual, automatic, and not always thoughtful. After grading so many hundreds of essays and short answers, the good, the bad, and the ugly are easy to pick out.

Carnegie Mellon’s Center for Teaching Excellence and Educational Innovation states: Grading consistency is difficult to maintain over time because of fatigue, shifting standards based on prior experience, or intrusion of other criteria. Furthermore, rubrics can reduce the time spent grading by reducing uncertainty and by allowing instructors to refer to the rubric description associated with a score rather than having to write long comments. Finally, grading rubrics are invaluable in large courses that have multiple graders (other instructors, teaching assistants, etc.) because they can help ensure consistency across graders and reduce the systematic bias that can be introduced between graders.

While the Purdue Owl recommends the following for technical writing in engineering, many of these tips are universal regardless of assignment type:

  • Give students the rubric you will use before they turn in their writing assignments. This helps students understand the basis on which their writing will be scored, and it makes both you and your students accountable to the same set of standards.

  • If students are completing their writing assignments in class, make the rubric available to them as they’re writing by putting it up on the projector screen in a Word document or PowerPoint slide.

  • Consider creating the rubric with your students, because it provides them with a chance to reflect on the assignment and promotes their metacognitive awareness of the rhetorical writing tasks they must perform. Furthermore, if students dictate the parameters of the rubric, they are being held accountable to standards that they set for themselves rather than by an instructor or TA. To get students to think about important criteria for a particular assignment, instructors or TAs might try the following strategies:

    • Open a class discussion by asking students why they think the assignment is important.

    • Ask students to write a response where they describe what effective and ineffective examples of the assignment would look like. Then, have them share their examples and generate criteria based on the characteristics that they describe.

    • Brainstorm evaluative criteria as a class. Ask students to volunteer what they consider important traits or characteristics for this assignment and write their ideas on the board. After all answers have been shared, ask students to rank which traits or characteristics are the most important.

    • Put students into groups and ask each group to come up with several criteria for evaluating the assignment and rank each one according to their importance. Then, have each group share their criteria and use the most important from each group.

  • Have a quick discussion with your students to make sure they understand what each category in the rubric means.

  • Discuss why certain categories in the rubric have higher point values than others. For example, you may discuss why showing conceptual knowledge or having adequate evidence to back up a claim is more important than grammatical correctness.

Strategies for Course Communications with Teaching Tools

Creating dialogue between your students can be a challenging yet fundamental part of teaching. Effective communication can help to build and foster a safe learning environment where students can thrive, prosper and learn. In addition to the rhetorical moves you may use to structure your speaking style and structure your communication, you can also develop a plan for various ways you use technology to deliver your message. Develop a strategy for when and how your students will communicate back to you as well as use instructional technologies in your class. Having regular two-way communication that invites all students to participate is essential for building trust (How to Make Your Teaching More Inclusive, 2019). Decide when regular, expected communications need to happen, and how you can best fit these duties into your own schedule. The table below (modified from U of Wisconsin and Instructure), provides various examples of communication strategies and when to apply them in your course.

Table of communication strategies to use with students
When Communication Strategy Example Technologies Used*
Prior to the course start Introduce yourself to students Add your photo and a short bio to the course welcome page, and link students here from a welcome email.
During the first week Help students meet each other and "break the ice" Ask students to update their Canvas profile, and use Name Coach to help learn how to pronounce their names
Learn more about who students are and their needs for learning Assign an anonymous survey in Canvas, Google Forms or Qualtrics that asks students to share questions or concerns they have about the course. View their images through the Class Roster
Ongoing weekly Reach out to "inactive" students in Canvas Use "Message students who..." to contact any students who haven't completed the Discussion or Survey in the first week.
Provide a place to ask general questions Create a Discussion board in Canvas that's available throughout the course and intended for general questions. Create a Teams or Slack group for your class
Give students low stake assessments to help master material Conduct formative assessment for instant feedback during a presentation in Top Hat. Create low stakes automated quizzes in Canvas that students can complete and receive feedback on course material
Kick off each unit or week Post an Announcement to start each week that connects the prior week's activities to the upcoming activities. Please note you can preset announcements for each week with reminders of upcoming test or due dates for assignments, or tips on how to prepare for class.
Provide regular opportunities to discuss course content Ask students questions to formatively assess how well they learned material through Top Hat. Use Discussions to ask deep dive questions around course content.    
Provide regular opportunities to ask individual questions Hold office hours, either drop-in or by appointment, Face-to-Face, in Teams or by Zoom  
Provide timely feedback to students Students are introduced to the Rubric as part of the activity directions. Instructor uses the Rubric as part of their feedback, and encourage or require students to revise their submitted work based on the feedback. Instructors use Speedgrader to provide students with audio or video feedback​, and/or students use peer reviews to provide audio or video feedback to their peers.  


Considering Feedback

In a recent conversation via the National Institute for Scientific Teaching, STEM educators gathered to discuss practical strategies aimed at improving teaching and learning. One of the outcomes was a discussion on how to provide thoughtful and relevant feedback to students. Some of the key points and related resources are mentioned below:

Wiggins (2012) defines feedback as information about how we are doing in our efforts to reach a goal. Helpful feedback is goal-referenced; tangible and transparent; actionable; user-friendly (specific and personalized); timely; ongoing; and consistent. He notes, “the term feedback is often used to describe all kinds of comments made after the fact, including advice, praise, and evaluation. But none of these are feedback, strictly speaking”.

Ryan (2021) adds, In writing feedback, it is important to ask: What is the goal of this piece of feedback?

Impact: actionable info for students to use to improve future iterations of the assignment

Ex: “Each subsection within Results should begin with a sentence explaining the purpose of that particular experiment.”

Advice: Be clear and specific in what actions should be taken, don’t lump multiple actions together in one comment.

Sensemaking – comments to highlight strengths/weaknesses of the assignment

Ex: “You provided a concise and clear definition of the key concepts.”

Advice: Use specific adjectives rather than general descriptors. When making critiques, avoid the “compliment sandwich” as this obscures the message. Make criticism constructive and focused on the work rather than the student.

Agency – comments encouraging the student to take an active role in improving by seeking support/resources to improve

Ex: “Review the textbook section on photosynthesis,” “For formatting citations, please refer to the style guide.”

Advice: Separate these comments from other types of comments (impact or sensemaking).

How do we give feedback in a way that is mindful of faculty time and energy?

A few suggestions from faculty from a variety of disciplines include:

Weekly Formative Exams and Creative Grading

An outline for weekly learning activities (in-class, at-home) is provided to students. Each week ends with an in-class test during the first half of class (becomes cumulative as course progresses) with a sizable amount of time that day for feedback on performance through peer interaction and faculty instruction.(Baily et. al., 2017)

Use feedback oriented online exercises

Groups of multiple-choice questions surrounding a clinical cases study were created and ordered, so that when combined, they modeled good short answers to a question surrounding a clinical scenario. These were “practice” problems, preparing for a summative exam. Students’ outcomes on the exam were improved if they did the exercises. The question remains if improvement was due to increased interaction with the material or learning the approach to formatting their written answers. (Carnegie, 2015)

 

Student Engagement Structures for Feedback

“Peer feedback and analyzing exemplars are two particularly promising ways of generating internal feedback and promoting student feedback literacy.” (Carless, 2022, p. 145) “Internal feedback is the new knowledge that students generate when they compare their current knowledge and competence against some reference information” (Nicol, 2021).

Use a written response for peer reviews. Students need to be coached to provide meaningful peer reviews in written form.

For large format classes, tools like PeerMark by Turnitin, Hypothesis, or Perusall could be used. Eli Review models a describe-evaluate-suggest approach for student’ written peer review comments. Others?

Students submit a draft, then look at a detailed rubric and/or several exemplars.

“… the input comes from the exemplars and/or rubric and there are incentives for students to engage actively with the material in order to revise their draft….” (Carless 2022, p. 148)

It is also important to remember that it is not enough for students to receive feedback. They also need explicit opportunities to implement and practice with the feedback received.

Assigning students a revision memo or revision report is another promising engagement strategy (e.g., https://owl.excelsior.edu/argument-and-critical-thinking/revising-your-argument/revising-your-argument-revision-strategies/ ).

Further Reading: 

admin. (2021, April 19). Team-based quizzes on no budget. Amanda Loves to Audit. https://amandalovestoaudit.com/2021/04/team-based-quizzes-on-no-budget/

Bailey, E. G., Jensen, J., Nelson, J., Wiberg, H. K., & Bell, J. D. (2017). Weekly Formative Exams and Creative Grading Enhance Student Learning in an Introductory Biology Course. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 16(1), ar2. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-02-0104

Basey, J. M., Maines, A. P., & Francis, C. D. (2014). Time Efficiency, Written Feedback, and Student Achievement in Inquiry-Oriented Biology Labs. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 8(2). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1135240

Carnegie, J. (2015). Use of Feedback-Oriented Online Exercises to Help Physiology Students Construct Well-Organized Answers to Short-Answer Questions. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 14(3), ar25. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.14-08-0132

Carless, D. (2022). From teacher transmission of information to student feedback literacy: Activating the learner role in feedback processes. Active Learning in Higher Education, 23(2), 143–153.

Nicol, D., & McCallum, S. (2022). Making internal feedback explicit: exploiting the multiple comparisons that occur during peer review. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 47(3), 424–443.

 Ryan, T., Henderson, M., Ryan, K., & Kennedy, G. (2021a). Identifying the components of effective learner-centred feedback information. Teaching in Higher Education, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2021.1913723

Ryan, T., Henderson, M., Ryan, K., & Kennedy, G. (2021b). Designing learner-centred text-based feedback: a rapid review and qualitative synthesis. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 46(6), 894–912. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2020.1828819

Ryan, T., Henderson, M., Ryan, K., & Kennedy, G. (2022). Feedback in higher education: aligning academic intent and student sensemaking. Teaching in Higher Education, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2022.2029394

Wiggins, G. (2012). Seven keys to effective feedback. Feedback70(1), 10–16.

Pre-Course Survey

One way to improve engagement with your students is to learn more about them. A precourse survey is one way to help develop a connection with your students, and get to know them beyond what is shared in an introduction discussion.

What do you want to know about them?

Diligent student in college with classmates, taking notes of teacher lecture.

A survey can help you conduct a needs assessment about where your students are at in terms of prior knowledge, demographics, mindset, learning preferences, goals, content confidence level, preferred feedback style, and/or access to technology.  Because this takes place “behind the scenes” and is only shared with the instructor, rather than in a public discussion forum, you may be more likely to receive candid responses.

What strategies and skills will students need and/or develop in your course?

These kinds of questions can help students flex metacognitive skills and become more aware of their learning habits. As an instructor, this can help you provide more specific feedback on student work, suggesting similar strategies and stretch goals.

  • Reflection on Strategies: Metacognitive reflection questions ask how students get things done. Do you take marginal notes or highlight as you read? What conditions do you need to do your best work?

  • Planning Ahead: Beyond what has worked for students in the past, you might ask about strategies they will use specifically in this class. What times each week do you have earmarked to work on this course?

  • Setting Goals:You might ask them to review the learning objectives, asking what they will commit to accomplishing. And beyond the learning objectives for the course, are there other skills or competencies they plan to work on in the course? Do they have any suggestions for the instructor about strategies for helping meet those goals?

During the first week of your course

Providing students with an opportunity to quiz themselves not on the course topic but on the course itself–how to get started in the course, how to navigate the course, what the course should help students accomplish, and how the course is structured–can help instructors send fewer emails saying, “It’s in the syllabus!”

Given multiple choice or true/false question types, these kinds of pre-course surveys can be automatically scored. Don’t forget to compose feedback for incorrect responses and allow multiple attempts!

What tools are available?

IU supports the Qualtrics survey tool and Canvas includes a dashboard feature that allows instructors to create a type of quiz called ‘ungraded’ that can be used as a survey. In Canvas, once the survey, or ‘ungraded quiz,’ is published online, students can login to their Canvas course page and participate. IU also has access to Google Forms and Microsoft Teams (Microsoft Forms are Available in the Channel and Chat features) for quick survey and quiz creation.

If you’d like support implementing a pre-course survey or questionnaire in your online class, or in any other aspects of teaching and learning, please contact me at your earliest convenience with your availability.